Estimating the service life of the material helps to select the suitable material, optimizing and performance evaluation for a particular application.

Ceramic tiles are used in both indoor and outdoor construction. The system includes tiles, adhesive (CTA), grout, and substrate, with several factors potentially affecting adhesion. This discussion simplifies CTA formulation by exploring its core ingredients, and provides sample formulations from published research.

Picking a right catalyst for synthesis is vital to achieve optimum performance. Due to regulatory concerns and potential environmental threat of tin-based catalyst, many researchers are looking for better alternatives.